Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication
The Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication (JMEF) merupakan publikasi ilmiah yang didedikasikan untuk memajukan pengetahuan dan inovasi di bidang teknik mesin dan teknologi fabrikasi. JMEF menerima artikel dari berbagai kalangan peneliti yang melakukan penelitian dibidang Teknik mesin dan fabrikasi produk baik hasil penelitian mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti lainnya. Setiap artikel akan di proses dengan review dari reviewer yang tergabung dalam JMEF. Silahkan submit artikel dalam Bahasa Indonesia atau Bahasa Inggris dengan template tersedia (Klik). The Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication (JMEF) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal committed to promoting the advancement of knowledge and innovation in the fields of mechanical engineering and fabrication technology. JMEF invites contributions from a broad spectrum of researchers, including students, lecturers, and professionals, who are engaged in studies and developments related to mechanical engineering and product fabrication. All submitted manuscripts will undergo a rigorous peer-review process conducted by qualified reviewers affiliated with JMEF. Authors are welcome to submit manuscripts in either Indonesian or English, using a flexible template format. ISSN: 3090-6598 (Online - Elektronik) Email: jmef.mechafa@gmail.com WA (Click): +62-812-6930-456
Journal of Mechafa Engineering and Fabrication
Performance test of a parabolic reflector solar cooker in the Lhokseumawe Region
The utilization of solar energy as a renewable energy source is becoming increasingly important to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. One of its applications is the parabolic reflector solar cooker, which harnesses solar radiation for cooking purposes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a solar cooker equipped with a parabolic reflector through a water heating test. The study presents an analysis of the performance of a solar cooker using a parabolic reflector collector. The solar reflector was constructed from mirror fragments arranged to form a parabolic shape with a surface area of 1.05 m². The experiment was conducted in the Lhokseumawe region, Aceh Province, Indonesia, located at coordinates 5°12’11.01’’ N and 97° E, with an altitude of 18.3 m above sea level. Performance measurements were carried out using a water heating method with a vessel containing 3.2 kg of water placed at the focal point of the reflector. The solar radiation received by the collector was reflected toward the focal point, heating the water directly. The results showed that the water temperature increased to 82.4 °C within 60 minutes, from 12:00 to 13:00 local time (WIB). The overall efficiency of the solar cooker was found to be 33.9%. These findings indicate that the parabolic reflector solar cooker has strong potential as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source suitable for application in tropical regions
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Performance analysis of shell and tube type heat exchangers based on computational fluid dynamics (Case Study of Heat Exchangers at PT. XYZ)
Shell and tube heat exchangers are essential components in the process industry, utilizing heat from exhaust gases to superheat steam in the production process. Their performance significantly determines the overall energy efficiency of the system. This study presents a case-based novelty by evaluating the actual performance of a shell and tube heat exchanger at PT. XYZ through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using Ansys Fluent 17.2. Simulations were conducted to analyze the distribution of temperature, pressure, and fluid velocity, as well as to calculate their effectiveness and LMTD. The simulation results show that the temperature of the cold fluid increases from 11.95°C to 19.35°C, while the temperature of the hot fluid decreases from 62.05°C to 49.55°C. The fluid pressure also decreases significantly, from 1717 Pa to -76.48 Pa on the tube side. The LMTD value is 40.09°C, and the heat transfer effectiveness is 24.95%. To ensure reliability, the simulation results were validated against actual operating data from PT. XYZ. This study contributes by providing a representative picture of the real operating performance of shell and tube heat exchangers, which can serve as a practical basis for improving system design and energy efficiency in the process industry.
Exergy analysis on a thermoelectric heat recovery device with an exhaust gas heat source from a combustion engine
An internal combustion engine converts thermal energy into mechanical work with an efficiency of approximately 35–40%, depending on the engine type and operating conditions. This indicates that about 60–65% of the total energy is wasted, primarily in the form of heat loss through the cooling system, exhaust gases, and mechanical friction. One potential approach to improve engine efficiency is by recovering waste heat using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system. This study aims to analyze the exergy performance of a thermoelectric heat recovery system that utilizes exhaust gas heat from an internal combustion engine as an energy source. The analysis focuses on the influence of engine speed variation and aluminum fin configuration on the exergy value, exergy destruction, and exergy efficiency to enhance waste heat utilization. The heat recovery system is connected to the exhaust pipe outlet, and several fin configurations are investigated: left–left-right, top–bottom, all-sided, and without fins. Tests were conducted at engine speeds of 1300, 1600, 1900, and 2200 rpm to observe variations in energy distribution and efficiency. The results indicate that the exergy value generated by the thermoelectric heat recovery system increases with higher engine speed. This finding demonstrates that the proposed system can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines by converting exhaust heat into useful energy, contributing to overall energy savings and the development of more efficient energy conversion technologies.
Analysis of steam consumption in the crude palm oil sterilizer during a 90-minute boiling process
In crude palm oil production, productivity largely depends on the performance of the sterilizer, particularly the horizontal type that operates using steam pressure. This study aimed to analyze the performance of the sterilizer by observing the boiling process of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and determining the heat required during a single sterilization cycle. Observations were carried out throughout the sterilization process, with steam pressure monitored using the pressure gauge located on top of the sterilizer vessel. The daily steam requirement varied, with the highest recorded on the 10th day, reaching 1,050 kg of steam for 735 tons of FFB. Interestingly, a higher volume of FFB did not always correspond to a higher steam demand. On average, the sterilization process required 827 kg of steam per ton of FFB over 24 hours. At PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV PKS Dolok Sinumbah, the horizontal sterilizer operates with a triple-peak system, a boiling time of 90–100 minutes, steam pressure of 2.8–3.2 kg/cm², and temperatures between 120–135 °C. The results indicate that the heat required reached 738,160.5 kcal/s, the latent heat was 7,772,760 kJ, and the total steam consumption amounted to 8,510,920.5 kcal for 30 tons of FFB.
Analysis of coal quality as fuel for steam power plants in Langkat Regency based on the proximate test
Coal quality assessment is crucial for determining its suitability as a fuel for power generation and industrial applications. Such evaluation generally involves proximate and ultimate analyses. The proximate analysis provides information on moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content, whereas the ultimate analysis identifies elemental composition such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Geological factors, including age, temperature, and pressure during formation, strongly influence coal quality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of particle size on coal quality using grain sizes of 40 and 60 mesh, analyzed according to ASTM standard procedures. The results indicate that coal with a grain size of 40 mesh contains, on average, 22.22% moisture, 5.83% ash, 37.54% volatile matter, and 34.15% fixed carbon. In contrast, coal with a grain size of 60 mesh exhibits 20.45% moisture, 6.80% ash, 42.77% volatile matter, and 29.99% fixed carbon. These findings highlight the significant influence of particle size on the proximate characteristics of coal, which can affect its combustion behavior and potential applications in power plants and other industries
Analysis of the efficiency of production mobility between the use of diesel and electric forklifts at PT Ima Montaz Sejahtera
This study aims to analyze the efficiency of mobility in the distribution of production results by comparing the use of diesel forklifts and electric forklifts. Efficient mobility in the distribution process is an important factor to increase productivity and reduce operational costs. This study uses a quantitative method with a case study approach in a manufacturing company that utilizes both types of forklifts in its operational activities. The parameters analyzed include fuel or energy costs, operational time, load capacity, exhaust emissions, and maintenance and care costs. The results of the study show that electric forklifts have advantages in terms of lower energy costs and reduced exhaust emissions, but with the limitation of shorter operational time compared to diesel forklifts. Meanwhile, diesel forklifts have advantages in terms of longer operational durability but produce higher emissions and more expensive fuel costs. By considering efficiency and environmental impact factors, this study recommends the use of electric forklifts for production environments that require high mobility over short distances and diesel forklifts for long-distance or heavy-load applications that require longer operational times
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication
Design and fabrication a machine for chopping palm bunches for compost
In the manual shredding process, the capacity is 50-70 kg/hour. Therefore, a crusher machine is needed to increase the capacity. The results of crushing the oil palm bunches can be used as compost. In this design, the cutting blade is designed with a larger number of cutting blades to accelerate the production of oil palm bunches so that it can operate optimally and does not require excessive power to move the tool because the tool designed will be driven using a gasoline engine and by adding cutting blades, the production capacity will increase. Design is one of the important things in making a program. The purpose of the design is to provide a clear and complete picture to the programmers and engineers involved. The design must be useful and easy to understand so that it is easy to use. Design is a process to define something that will be experienced in the process. The results of the machine test were able to produce a crushing capacity with a length of 3 - 14 cm, a width of 3 - 20 mm and ± 8.5 kg in one minute. The following is a systematic calculation of machine capacity: 1 minute = 8.5 kg per second 1 hour = 8.5 kg x 60 minutes = 510 kg/hour.
Analysis of the effect of smaw welding current variation on the quality of AISI 1041 steel material joints
This study analyzes the effect of E7018 electrode current variation on SMAW welding process on AISI 1041 steel material, using penetrant test and bending test as evaluation methods. AISI 1041 steel is often used in construction industry because of its good mechanical properties and its ability to be welded with various techniques. Testing was conducted with welding current variation of 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A. The test results showed that welding current significantly affected the strength and resistance of the material to deformation. At 110 A current, the material showed an optimal combination of strength and flexibility. Higher current (120 A) tended to increase the maximum stress in Root Pass test, but decreased the strength in Capping. This finding emphasizes the importance of selecting the right welding current in determining the strength of the welded joint, in addition to considering heat distribution and changes in material microstructure.
The effect of torrefaction temperature variations on the characteristics and calorific value of water hyacinth charcoal briquette products
Energy is needed by all people in various countries, this results in climate change and depletion of energy, it is necessary to find clean alternative energy, one of which is biomass. Water hyacinth is a biomass that grows rapidly in Indonesia, but its energy density is still low. This research aims to improve the characteristics and calorific value of water hyacinth biomass using torefaction process. In this study, water hyacinth was subjected to a torefaction process with temperature variations of 200 ℃, 250 ℃ and 300 ℃ and a holding time of 1 hour. ¬The biochar resulting from the torefaction process is then made into briquettes using tapioca starch adhesive, with a ratio of 10% of the weight of the raw material, and pressing at a pressure of 300 kg/cm2. From the research and testing that has been done, the proximate test results obtained the lowest moisture content of 5.75% in the 300 ℃ sample, the lowest ash content of 17.65% in the 200 ℃ sample, the lowest volatile compounds of 39.52% in the 300 ℃ sample and the highest fixed carbon of 25.92% in the 300 ℃ sample. The highest heating value was produced in the 300 ℃ sample which amounted to 5140.44 cal/g. The lowest Shatter Index was 1.68% in the 300 ℃ sample. The most optimal burning rate of briquettes in the 300 ℃ sample was 0.085 g/min with a duration of 47 minutes. The results of this study indicate that the torefaction process and torefaction temperature variation have a significant effect on the characteristics and heating value of water hyacinth briquettes.
Solar radiation monitoring system for electric vehicle charging using solar modules based on the Internet of Things
The utilization of solar energy to support electric vehicle charging still faces challenges related to efficiency and real-time solar radiation monitoring. Addressing this issue is critical given the importance of optimizing renewable energy to facilitate the transition toward sustainable transportation. This study offers a solution through the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)--based solar radiation monitoring system capable of measuring solar light intensity in real time. The system employs a BH1750 sensor integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller to process data, transmit it to the Firebase Realtime Database, and display it via an Android application. The methodology encompasses the design, implementation, and testing of the system on an electric vehicle placed in an open area for 10 hours of observation. Results indicate that the highest light intensity, recorded at 98,321 lux, corresponded to solar radiation of 776.74 W/m², while the lowest light intensity, 69 lux, resulted in radiation of 0.55 W/m². The implications of this research include enhanced efficiency in electric vehicle charging, the advancement of IoT-based solar energy systems, and the potential integration with energy storage technologies and predictive algorithms to improve energy sustainability.
The effect of welding electrode variations on the mechanical properties of AISI 1018 material using the SMAW process
Welding quality is largely determined by welding parameters such as welding current, welding electrode and the type of welding process used. The type of electrode with a certain chemical composition has an impact on the fusion that occurs between the parent material and the welding electrode. so that a study is needed on the effect of electrodes on the quality of the joint. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of welding electrode variations on the mechanical properties of AISI 1018 material using the SMAW process. The material used in this study was AISI 1018 low carbon steel welded using SMAW welding with hardness and tensile strength testing. The results showed that the highest average hardness value was found in the Weldmetal area found in specimen 1 of the E 7016 electrode, which was 15.33 HRC and E 7018 was 20.20 HRC. The weldmetal area of ​​specimen 2 from electrode E 7016 is 18 HRC and E 7018 is 21.50, The weldmetal area of ​​specimen 3 from electrode E 7016 is 12 HRC and E 7018 is 19.50 HRC and from tensile testing it is known that the average value of raw material is 465.09 Mpa. For welding E 7016 is 492.67 Mpa and E 7018 is 522.79 Mpa
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Fabrication
The effect of temperature variation on the surface hardness of AISI 1045 steel using palm shell media with the pack carburizing method
material for making machine components such as shafts, gears, chisels and bearings in motor vehicles. The use of medium carbon steel in the industrial world is accompanied by adjustments to the required metal conditions, such as the machining process and surface treatment. Pack Carburizing is a process of adding carbon elements or chemical heat treatment which is done by changing the chemical composition of the steel surface by heating at austenite temperature. To obtain maximum pack carburizing results, several processes need to be carried out, namely heating temperature, Holding Time, carbon media and quenching. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in heating temperature on increasing hardness with the Pack Carburizing heat treatment process. The experimental method used in heat treatment at different temperatures was 850 ° C, 900 ° C, 950 ° C and a holding time of 2 hours. From the results of hardness testing on raw materials, the average hardness value was obtained at 64.20 HRC, after the pack carburizing process the average value at a temperature of 850 °C was 75.93 HRC, and at a temperature of 900 °C it was 88.20 HRC, and at a temperature of 950 °C the highest average value was obtained at 90.23 HRC
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Shredding Machine to Enhance Compost Fertilizer Production Efficiency
Paving block industries have emerged in the North Aceh Regency area, especially for the Baktiya District area where there are 7 paving block industries, which is due to the increasing demand for paving blocks of 1000 units per day in 2019 for office yards, parking lots, for pedestrian sidewalks and for parks. The compressive strength that can be accepted by paving blocks with PET plastic shredded substitution for each composition is as follows, in normal paving blocks (0%) of 11.32 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.3% of 12.31 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.4% of 12.70 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.5% of 14.55 MPa, and in paving blocks with an addition of 0.6% of 11.82 MPa. The percentage of the ability of paving blocks with PET plastic shredded substitution for each composition in absorbing water is as follows, in normal paving blocks (0%) it is 10%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.3% it is 8%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.4% it is 7%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.5% it is 5%, and in paving blocks with the addition of 0.6% it is 9% Mpa.
Design and construction of a press tool for making plastic paving blocks
Paving block industries have emerged in the North Aceh Regency area, especially for the Baktiya District area where there are 7 paving block industries, which is due to the increasing demand for paving blocks of 1000 units per day in 2019 for office yards, parking lots, for pedestrian sidewalks and for parks. The compressive strength that can be accepted by paving blocks with PET plastic shredded substitution for each composition is as follows, in normal paving blocks (0%) of 11.32 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.3% of 12.31 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.4% of 12.70 MPa, in paving blocks with an addition of 0.5% of 14.55 MPa, and in paving blocks with an addition of 0.6% of 11.82 MPa. The percentage of the ability of paving blocks with PET plastic shredded substitution for each composition in absorbing water is as follows, in normal paving blocks (0%) it is 10%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.3% it is 8%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.4% it is 7%, in paving blocks with the addition of 0.5% it is 5%, and in paving blocks with the addition of 0.6% it is 9% Mpa
Analysis of the effect of variations in cutting speed and feed depth in the ST42 steel turning process on surface roughness
The quality of the turning results, especially on the surface, is greatly influenced by three parameters, namely spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The level of surface flatness greatly affects the results of the workpiece after being processed on a lathe. Based on field experience, in the turning process, in order to obtain good surface flatness quality, good component selection is also required. The selection of components in question is one that has a significant effect on the results of the workpiece feed. The lathe tool is the main component in the machining process besides the lathe and the workpiece. The purpose of this study was to determine the surface roughness value of ST42 steel with variations in spindle rotation and cutting depth in the turning process. This test was carried out with a PL-1000 G model lathe with ST42 steel specimens. The roughness tester used was the Mitutoyo SJ-310. The results obtained were the best surface roughness value at 550 rpm spindle rotation of 3.925 µm at a depth of 0.2 mm. The best surface roughness value at 1020 rpm spindle speed is 3.258 µm at a depth of 0.2 mm. The best surface roughness value at 1800 rpm spindle speed is 1.551 µm at a cutting depth of 0.4 mm
The effect of welding current on the mechanical properties of ST60 steel in the SMAW welding process
Welding current greatly affects the strength of the material connection so that a study is needed considering the many uses of welding processes in industrial construction. This study aims to determine the effect of welding current on mechanical properties using the SMAW welding process with current variations of 100 A, 110 A and 120 A. The material used is ST60 steel with a thickness of 10 mm, a single V butt joint type with an angle of 70 °. From the results of tests that have been carried out on test specimens using current variations, data is obtained that the average stress value of each current variation is, current 100A = 25.49 Kgf / mm², current 110A = 27.23 Kgf / mm² and current 120A = 26.49 Kgf / mm². The average strain value of each current variation is, current 100A = 1.5%, current 110A = 2% and current 120A = 2.16%. The average elastic modulus value of each current variation is, current 100A = 16,360 N/mm², current 110A = 12,554 N/mm² and current 120A = 11,947 N/mm². Based on these data, the optimal current is 120A.
The effect of variation in E7018 electrode current on the bending strength of carbon steel material
Welding is one of the essential metal joining methods in modern industry. In carbon steel welding such as ASTM A36, SMAW is often chosen because of its ability to produce strong joints with economical operating costs. However, the mechanical properties of the welded joints on this steel are greatly influenced by the welding process parameters, such as the type of electrode and the welding current setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of variations in welding current with E7018 electrodes on the bending properties of ASTM A36 carbon steel material. The stages of the study were material welding, visual and penetrant non-destructive tests and bending tests. The results of the study showed that the best results were obtained on the cover side with a current of 110A, where the heat generated was sufficient to create a strong and flexible joint against deformation. While on the root pass side the highest bending value was at a current of 120A
Fabrication and performance testing of direct flow heat exchanger using baffle and without baffle
Heat Exchangers atau alat penukar/pemindah panas adalah alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah temperatur fluida atau mengubah fasa fluida dengan cara mempertukarkan panasnya dengan fluida lain. Pada sebuah penukar panas, kemampuan mempertukarkan panas sangat ditentukan oleh jenis aliran fluida dan fluida yang melewati penukar panas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur dan menganalisis peningkatan koefisien perpindahan panas dengan adanya baffle dibandingkan dengan heat exchanger tanpa baffle. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan fabrikasi alat heat exchanger menggunakan proses las SMAW, hasil pengelasan dilakukan inspeksi secara visual untuk mendeteksi cacat pengelasan pada sambungan. Hasil pemeriksaan tidak ditemukan cacat las. Berdasarkan data pengujian didapatkan data inlet fresh air dan outlet fresh air temperature dan velocity tanpa menggunakan baffle 33.30C menjadi 47,1oC pada kecepatan 3,19 m/s – 3,26 m/s, inlet fresh air dan outlet fresh air temperature dan velocity menggunakan baffle 38,60C menjadi 53,30C pada kecepatan 2,27 m/s – 2,58 m/s dan sisi lain inlet fresh air dan outlet fresh air temperature dan velocity menggunakan baffle II memiliki temperature 36,10C menjadi 50,30C pada velocity 2,27 m/s – 2,58 m/s
Design and manufacture of coconut shell charcoal crusher for briquette
Coconut shell waste in the community is often not utilized, so a solution is needed, one of which is by processing it into briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that contain carbon, have high calorific value, and can burn for a long time. These briquettes are made from organic waste, such as dry leaves, coconut shells, rice husks, and sawdust. The purpose of this study was to design a coconut shell charcoal crusher as a raw material for briquettes, with the hope of reducing coconut shell waste, increasing its economic value, and providing an alternative fuel for household needs. The process of making the tool begins with frame design, iron cutting, welding using the SMAW method, assembly, and finishing. The results of the study showed that the results of making a coconut shell charcoal crusher for briquette raw materials can function well. The distribution of the resulting size shows that the machine has a consistent ability to produce fine particle sizes, which are in accordance with the needs of briquette raw materials. The efficiency of time per kilogram of material processed tends to vary depending on the capacity used
Design of CNC engraving machine production process for acrylic material with working dimensions of 240x400 mm
The design of the CNC engraving machine production process for acrylic material is carried out to meet market demand for products that require special molds or shapes on acrylic materials. This CNC engraving machine has an orientation on materials made from acrylic media and a knife blade for engraving and a drill bit for cutting acrylic. And has dimensions of 51 x 50 cm and has an engraving area of 420 x 400 cm. The equipment used to make CNC machine components consists of a hand drill, cutting grinder, clamping pliers, L-key set, caliper, ruler and meter. The assembly of the CNC Engraving machine used in this study is the Non-Permanent Assembly. The results of the production of mechanical components produced using the machining process have been obtained, consisting of: the lower frame of the machine, the x-axis pole, the work table, the x-axis, the z-axis. The design form that has been made, then the mechanical components that have been produced will be assembled with finished components that are available on the market. The results of the CNC engraving acrylic machine production process take up to 49.2 minutes. The working area of the machine is the length of the x-axis working area = 400 mm, the length of the y-axis working area = 500 mm, the length of the z-axis working area = 120 mm